Biology

Mission

The Reinhardt University Biology Program works to link patterns of divergence and adaptation found in nature to the evolutionary processes responsible for these patterns by making use of the broad research expertise of the faculty. The strong organismal component of the curriculum provides Reinhardt students with an understanding of patterns of nature, which are complemented by process-oriented courses such as Genetics, Ecology, and Evolutionary Biology. Due to the small class size at Reinhardt, we are able to cater instruction and provide a great deal of guidance to each student. This intimate classroom instruction and extensive extracurricular interaction of professors and students allows for an educational experience that is highly personal, while the rigorous assignments in each course challenge Reinhardt students to maximize their educational experience.

Student Learning Outcomes

Students who complete the Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Biology program will be able to:

  1. Apply the scientific method to questions in biology by formulating testable hypotheses, gathering and analyzing data, and presenting work orally and in writing in the formats that are used by practicing scientists.
  2. Access the primary literature, identify relevant works for a particular topic, evaluate the scientific content of these works and synthesize critical summaries and/or analyses of these works.
  3. Identify the major groups of organisms, classify them within a phylogenetic framework, and compare and contrast the characteristics of taxonomic groupings.
  4. Use basic principles of heredity to predict patterns of inheritance of genetic traits, and understanding the central dogma of molecular biology.
  5. Use the theory of evolution to explain how descent with modification has shaped organismal morphology, physiology, and life history.
  6. Explicate the ecological interconnectedness of life on earth by tracing energy and nutrient flows through the environment, and relate the physical features of the environment to the structure of populations, communities, and ecosystems.

Students who complete the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Biology program will be able to:

  1. Apply the scientific method by formulating testable hypotheses, gathering and analyzing data, and presenting their work orally and in writing.
  2. Access the primary literature, identify relevant works for a particular topic, evaluate the scientific content of these works and synthesize critical summaries and/or analyses of these works.
  3. Demonstrate proficiency in using basic principles of heredity to predict patterns of inheritance of genetic traits and to demonstrate an understanding of the central dogma of molecular biology.
  4. Explain the ecological interconnectedness of life by tracing energy and nutrient flows through the environment, and relate these changes to the theory of evolution by natural selection and other means.

Teacher candidates who complete the Bachelor of Science (B.S) in Biology Education program will:

  1. Use knowledge of curriculum, learner differences, and ongoing assessment data to plan for student access to same essential content.
  2. Utilize a variety of strategies to differentiate instruction and provide an academically challenging environment for all students.
  3. Use systematic formal and informal assessment as an ongoing diagnostic activity to measure student growth and to guide, differentiate, and adjust instruction.
  4. Display a professional commitment to the teaching philosophy of differentiated instruction to support students’ diverse learning needs and to maximize learning.

Special Features and Activities

Biology students are offered the opportunity to participate in the following:

  1. , an honorary society in Biology.
  2. Field and laboratory experiences providing hands-on education in developing techniques and technology.
  3. Student research activities.
  4. Guest lectures in current biological topics.
  5. Individual and small group instruction.
  6. Support for articles published in the Georgia local and regional journals.

Degrees and Certificates

Courses

BIO 104: BIOLOGY ESSENTIALS

Credits 4
This is an introductory level general biology course designed to meet the needs of a non-biology major. Topics covered include an introduction to the process of science, the chemistry of living things and the cell, information flow exchange and storage, evolution and the diversity and function of living things, the major systems of the human body, ecology conservation biology and an understanding of the role of science in society. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Biology majors cannot use this course to fulfill a major elective or the Biology Core requirement. Co-requisite: BIO 105 Biology Essentials Laboratory

BIO 120: INTRO CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Credits 4
This is an introductory level general biology course designed to meet the needs of science majors. Topics covered include an introduction to the process of science, the chemistry of living things, the biology of the cell, genetics, molecular biology and evolution. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Corequisite BIO 121

BIO 122: INTRODUCTION ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY

Credits 4
This is an introductory level general biology course designed to meet the needs of non-science and science majors. It reviews evolution and speciation, the diversity and function of living things including bacteria, plants and complex animals, and the major systems of the human body. The class ends with an overview of ecology and conservation biology. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Corequisite BIO 123

BIO 202: INTRODUCTION TO PLANT BIOLOGY

Credits 4
This course investigates the evolution, life cycles, physiology and basic cell biology of plants, with particular emphasis given to the structure, function and reproductive strategies of angiosperms. Basic biology of fungi and algae will also be covered. Co-requisite: BIO 203 Lab

BIO 220: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYS I

Credits 4
This is the first part of a sequential two-semester course in the principles of human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on cell and tissue organization and skeletal, muscular and nervous system structure and function. The course is designed to meet the needs of pre-nursing students, physical education majors and students preparing for careers in health sciences. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisite: BIO 120. Corequisite BIO 221

BIO 222: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II

Credits 4
This is the second part of a sequential two-semester course in the principles of human anatomy and physiology with an emphasis on endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems; fluid and electrolyte balance; acid-base homeostasis; and development. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisite: BIO 220 Corequisite BIO 223

BIO 230: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Credits 3
Pathophysiology or physiopathology is a convergence of pathology with physiology. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. The course will cover the range of physiological systems and the implications of disease from a clincal perspective. This course is designed for nursing majors but may be taken by students interested in medical, dental, physical therapy or other health-related field. Prerequisites: BIO 220/221 and 222/223: Human Anatomy and Physiology I and II

BIO 260: INTRO MICROBIOLOGY

Credits 4
This course is a survey of microorganisms with special emphasis on bacteria and their relationship to human beings. It covers eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure and function, microbial nutrition and growth, genetics and control of microorganisms. It includes basic biology of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and viruses with particular emphasis on bacteriology. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisites: BIO 120 Corequisite BIO 261

BIO 280: GENERAL ZOOLOGY

Credits 4
This course investigates the morphology, natural history, basic physiology and evolution of the major invertebrate and vertebrate animal phyla. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Pre-requisite: BIO 120 or permission of instructor Corequisite BIO 281

BIO 298: SPECIAL TOPICS

Credits 4
This course, which explores a topic of contemporary interest to the study of biology, is offered as needed to students with sophomore standing.

BIO 299: INDEPENDENT STUDY

Credits 3
This course, which involves supervised research on a selected topic, is offered as needed to students with sophomore standing. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor

BIO 300: BIOLOGY SEMINAR

Credits 1
This course is a seminar experience that will address current and historical primary research with discussions of methods and conclusions. Students will locate, read and critically evaluate primary research articles for credit. It is offered to students with sophomore standing. BIO 120 (or permission of the instructor) is a required prerequisite to BIO 300. This course is a required course for the Biology B.S. degree. Must have junior-senior standing.

BIO 308: INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY

Credits 4
This course investigates the morphology, natural history, basic physiology and evolution of the major invertebrate animal taxa. These investigations will be accomplished through discussions of both textbooks and scientific literature. A major portion of this course will be centered on an independent research project designed and implemented by the student. This course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisite: BIO 120 or BIO 280 or permission of instructor. Corequisite BIO 309

BIO 310: VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY

Credits 4
This course examines anatomy, physiology, life history traits, identification and the phylogeny/evolution of vertebrates. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisites: BIO 120 or permission of instructor Corequisite BIO 311

BIO 312: TAXONOMY OF VASCULAR PLANTS

Credits 4
Plant taxonomy is a course in which the identification, classification and systematics of vascular plants are studied. Laboratory emphasis is on the local flora, plant family characteristics and modern systematic techniques. Extensive field time is normally required. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisite: BIO 302 Corequisite BIO 313

BIO 320: GENETICS

Credits 4
This course considers the principles of inheritance as described by Mendelian and biochemical genetics. The course provides an integrated and comparative treatment that deals with genetic mechanisms in viruses, bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Topics include molecular genetics and gene action, transfer systems and mapping, cytological quantitative and population aspects and a brief treatment of ethical considerations. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisites: BIO 120 or permission of instructor Corequisite BIO 321

BIO 330: BIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN

Credits 3
This course is a survey of the neural structures and biological and physiological processes of the human brain that result in behavior. Topics include the structure and function of the nervous system and the physiological basis of cognition, emotion, and selected psychopathologies. Includes lecture and some laboratory instruction. This course is designed for psychology majors being taught by a biological scientist. Prerequisite: BIO 120/121 or permission of instructor,

BIO 340: CELL BIO & PHYSIOLOG

Credits 4
This course is an integrated approach to the structure and function of cells. Topics may include cell architecture, the cell cycle, nucleic acid and protein synthesis, membrane phenomena including membrane structure and permeability properties, energy transductions, catabolism and energy metabolism, introduction to photosynthesis and cellular control mechanisms. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisites: BIO 120 or permission of instructor Corequisite BIO 341

BIO 360: PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY

Credits 4
This course provides a detailed analysis of the relationships between organisms and their abiotic and biotic environments. The information emphasizes structural and functional aspects of populations and selected environmental issues. This course requires active field work and off-campus field trips. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisites: BIO 120 or permission of instructor Corequisite BIO 361

BIO 370: FLORAL & FAUNAL RECONNAISSANCE

Credits 4
This course investigates the physical features, flora and fauna of selected regions around the world. It is designed for use in courses that involve national and international travel. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Corequisite BIO 371

BIO 372: FIELD BIOLOGY

Credits 4
This course integrates classroom instruction and intenxive field experiences to provide advanced training in field techniques useful in biodiversity assessment and research. Frequent travel to field sites where students will gain hands-on experience collecting and observing organisms will be a large portion of the course. This course is a major elective for the Bachelor of Science in Biology degree. This course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisite: BIO 202 or BIO 280 or professor approval. Corequisite: BIO 373

BIO 373: FIELD BIOLOGY LAB

Credits 0
This lab course is to be taken with BIO 372, Field Biology, and proides students the ability to gain experience with advanced field techniques.

BIO 395: VOCATION EXPLORATION FOR BIO MAJORS

Credits 1
This one hour course seeks to expose biology students to potential career opportunities within the field, to allow students to identify their vocationat affinities, and to prepare students for a successful transition into the workforce, or to graduate and professional schools. The course is intended for students who are at least in the second semester of their sophomore year. Prerequisite: BIO 120

BIO 406: EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

Credits 4
This course is a comprehensive treatment of the processes of evolution. Primary topics are population genetics, natural selection and adaptation, speciation and co-evolution, evolution at the molecular level, biosystematics and phylogeny, the fossil record and human evolution. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisites: BIO 120 and BIO 320 or permission of instructor. Corequisite BIO 407

BIO 410: IMMUNOLOGY

Credits 4
This course is designed to be a comprehensive overview of the immune system and its functions within the context of cell to cell interaction and communication. The course covers basic concepts in immunology as well as the induction, measurement, and manipulation of the immune response. BIO 120 is a required prerequisite to BIO 410. This course is a major elective for the Biology B.S. degree. This course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Corequisite BIO 411

BIO 420: AQUATIC ZOOLOGY

Credits 4
This course examines ecological and evolutionary relationships of animals inhabiting aquatic environments (primarily of the southeastern United States) in both lecture and lab settings. Major morphological, physiological and life history characters of each major lineages examined is interpreted in an evolutionary framework. This course is a major elective for the Biology B.S. degree. This course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Corequisite BIO 421

BIO 432: LIMNOLOGY

Credits 4
This course investigates the geomorphology and physical/chemical features of aquatic habitats. Major aquatic ecosystems are compared (e.g. lotic, lentic, estuarine, riverine). Major ecological processes such as eutrophication, stratification, erosion and siltation are studied. The course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisites: BIO 360 or permission of instructor Corequisite BIO 433

BIO 440: BIOCHEMISTRY

Credits 3
The course covers basic concepts in biochemistry as well as biochemistry in health and disease. Biochemistry includes a study of protein structure and their physical properties; how these properties relate to catalysis, regulation of catalysis and metabolic chemistry, as well as a general understanding of role of DNA in inheritance, genetic manipulation and gene therapy. This course includes group discussions, primary literature searches and presentations, clinical case study review and web-based assignments. This course does not have a laboratory component. Prerequisites: BIO 120, CHE 380, and at least one other 200-level or higher course in Biology

BIO 450: THESIS PROJECT

Credits 3
This course is an independent, semester-long project of substantial academic research and creative scholarship planned and designed by the student in consultation with a thesis project director approved by the student’s major advisor and the Biology Coordinator.

BIO 460: BEHAVIORAL ENDOCRINOLOGY

Credits 4
This course deals with the interdisciplinary aspects of the endocrine system and this systems' affects on behavior. This course is designed to meet the needs of biology and psychology majors. It begins with an introduction to the study of behavioral endocrinology and the endocrine system and will then cover various aspects of endocrine signaling and the control of various behaviors. This course includes both lecture and laboratory instruction. Prerequisites: BIO 120 and PSY 101 or either BIO 320 or BIO 340. Corequisite BIO 461

BIO 491: UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING ASSISTANT

Credits 3
Students must be Junior or Senior Biology or Biology Education majors to enroll. Permission from the Biology Coordinator must be obtained prior to enrollment. Students will assist the Laboratory coordinator and Laboratory Instructor by assisting in teaching a laboratory section of Introductory Biology. BIO 491 students will take part in weekly instructional activities during weekly class meetings that will emphasize preparation for lab and discussion of topical instructional strategies. The undergraduate teaching assistant (TA) will also assist the laboratory instructor in one laboratory section and have the opportunity to be an "apprentice teacher". TAs will master the material taught in the lecture course, develop and teach good quality laboratory and study habits, and acquire experience teaching. TAs will gain valuable work experience by assisting the lab instructor with lab management and organizational issues and assist enrolled undergraduate students with mastering the lab competencies required.

BIO 498: SPECIAL TOPICS

Credits 4
This course, which explores a topic of contemporary interest to the study of biology, is offered as needed to students with junior-senior standing.

BIO 499: INDEPENDENT STUDY

Credits 4
This course, which involves supervised research on a selected topic, is offered as needed to students with junior-senior standing. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor