This course explores the pathophysiological aspects of adults with acute or chronic health conditions. Application of theory to the nursing process, understanding of pharmacology, medical therapeutic interventions, and utilization of the holistic approach in the care of this population is studied. This course also addresses the pathophysiological stages of aging. The normal aging process, health promotion strategies, common disease processes, treatment regimes, and end of life issues are studied regarding this population. As a continuation of NUR 401, this course also emphasizes nursing care associated with complex health alterations. The clinical focus is placed on assimilation and application of knowledge for care of the adult with complex and multiple physiological and psychosocial needs in a highly technical health care environment. The impact of life-threatening illnesses and injuries on individuals, families, groups, and communities is explored as the student designs holistic and culturally competent care during times of death, dying, and bereavement. Lecture and clinical instruction are included in this course.